Remembering that Family 4 is currently not in use, we jump to Family 5, the hammerheads. A hammerhead is figure where the airplane is taken to the vertical up attitude, flown until almost all the energy is gone, pivoted nose-to-tail such that the airplane is pointed vertically down, then returned to level flight. The Aresti notation looks like Figure 9:
Most of this figure resembles a figure from Family 1, but the angled “flag” at the very top of the figure is what tells you this is a hammerhead. In the example shown in Figure 9, the airplane enters in horizontal upright flight, flies a positive 1/4 loop to vertical (the line is solid because it took a positive AoA to transition from horizontal to vertical flight), pivots nose-to-tail at the top, flies a vertical down line (although depicted as a single line in the drawing, there are really separate vertical up and down lines in the flown figure), and finally, a 1/4 loop (not a square corner!) brings the airplane back to level upright flight.
As noted in Family 1, because all the transitions between lines are less than 180°, the quarter loop to vertical and the quarter loop back to horizontal are drawn as hard angles, but flown as looping lines. Of course, don’t forget that any of these figures might be drawn to require an inverted entry, exit, or both, in which case the line style would change to dashed as appropriate to the figure drawn.
